Improvement in churns



s. n. FRAZIER,

I Churn. No. 41,693. Patented Feb. 23, 1864..

. 1300670607 Wain/$5.5m M

PATENT; OFFIcE.

S. D. FRAZIER, OF TEKONSHA, MICHIGAN.

I IMPROVEMENT IN CHURNS.

Specification forming To allcchom it may concern 1 Be it known thht I,S. D. FRAzrnR, of Tekonsha, in the county of Galhoun and State ofMichigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ghurns;and I do hereby declare that the following is afull and exactdescription thereof, reference being had to the accompanving drawings,making part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a central vertical section 'of my improved churn, theoperating parts being shown in elevation; Fig. 2, a transversehorizontal section of the churn-body in the plane of line a: .90, Fig.1; Fig. 3, an elevation of the bearing or standard supporting thedrivingwheel and central shaft and showing more particularly thearrangement forsusp'ending said shaft; Fig. 4, a perspectiveview of theslotted plate and. the upper portion of the central shaft which itsupports.

Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all thefigures. I

My improvedehurn is of that class in which two dashers are used,revolving one within the other in opposite directions. v p The principalobject of my invention is to suspend the dashers at the top in such amanner that the necessity of a-step for the-central shaft at the bottomis avoided, while the dash- Iers are of such form as to produce anintense action at the greatest diameter of the churn-body, and at thesame time so arranged that the'motion of the central one may be stopped,and it may be lowered, to the floor of the churn, while the outer onegathers'the butter after it is churned.

As represented in the drawings, the churnbody A is of the usualcylindrical form, with a cover, B, fitting in its top. To the cover issecured a standard, 0, supporting the usual beveled cog-wheel D, whichgears with the beveled pinions E F at top and bottom, said pinions beingconnected, respectively, with the shafts a b of their inner and outerdashers, G H, as usual. The arrangement of these dashers and the mannerof sustaining them are peculiar. In ordinary arrangei'nents the lowerend of the inner dasher rests in a step in the bottom of the churn tosustain it, while the bearing at the top merely serves to keep it inplace. I suspend both dashers at the top, their lower ends being thusentirely free and disconnected from the churn-body. To

part of Letters Patent No. 41.693,

depth and the whole dated February 23, 1864.

accomplish this the standard 0 is provided with a projection, 0, throughwhich passes the end of the inner shaft, or. The upper end of this shaftis provided with'a head, 01, Figs. 3 and 4, which rests over the slot fof an angular plate, I, whose upper bend or projection, 6, slides in agroove or depression, 9, in the projection of the standard. The slotj'is of just such size as to embrace the shaft under the head, but allowthe latter tohold over its edges. This supports the central shaft. It issteadied by the lower pinion, F, through which it passes, and by therevolving block It, hereinafter described, in which parts it turnsfreely. 1f desirable, several heads or enlargements, (1 d, one aboveanother, may be em ployed, so that the central dasher may be adjustedhigher or lower at pleasure. i

The shaft of the outer dasher consists of two or more rods, 1) b,situated outside the central shaft, and secured at their upper endsrigidly to the lower pinion, F, and passing downward through a centralcircular revolvingblock,h, Figs. 1 and 3, that rests in a suitable seatin the cover. This block sustains on the cover the weight of the outerdasher, while the latter is steadied by its connection with the innerone, the two thus forming a mutualguide and support.

The central dasher, G, is merely a straight bar of suitable length andsize secured to the lower end of the shaft.- In its natural position itis raised a little distance above the floor of the churn, as shown inFig. 1.

The outer dasher, H, is formed byiexpa'nding or spreading the rods 11 b,or by securing thereto other parts, so as to make Wide paddleshaped-armst t, Fig. 1, extending to the outside of the churn-body and reaching toits bottom, inclosing the central dasher. I make these arms usually ofconsiderable width,so as to act with effect on the cream. At a suitableheight to act near the surface of the cream under ordinary circumstanceswings k k are secured to the arms 1' 17 either rigidly or adjustable upand down, as may be desired. These wings are secured at an angle, asindicated in the plan, Fig. 2, so as to draw the cream from the outsidetoward the axis of the churn as they are carried around.

The advantages of the arrangement above described are obvious. Thenecessity of a step or bearing at the bottom of the churn is Bysuspending the dasheis in the manner de-;

.given in the opposite by the arms 71 t of the obviated, thus savingmuch labor and difficulty in cleaning, as well as lessening the expense.The use of two shafts, one inclosing the other, within the churn-body,is also avoided. Where such are used the cream or milk enters thetubular shaft, and the two hive to be taken apart for washing, and. thedifficulty of cleaning a tube adds considerable labor. In my arrangementthe parts are all exposed in such a manner as to be easily cleanedwithout taking the dashers apart. Indeed, it is only necessary toagitate water thoroughly in the churn-body to clean the whole. Inordinary arrangements, in placing the dashers in the churn, it isfrequently difficult to guide the lower journal into its step In mydevice there is no difficulty of this kind.

scribed I am enabled to make them as firm and strong as if they had abearing on the in-. side, while the revolvingblock h, by its peculiarshape, more effectually insulates the cream; and prevents its workingout through the cen-. ter of the cover than it the shafts only ranidirectly through,-as usual, as the weight on, said block has a tendencyto pack it in its. seat. 1

. While I obtain the advantages above d'e-E scribed by the suspension ofthe dashers, thei peculiar arrangement and form of the dashers.themselves are such as to make them very ef-? fective in their action onthe cream. The central dasher, G, gives a current in one di-; rection,which is effectually broken by that outer dasher. These arms, byextending to the floor of the churn, impart an intense agitation to thewhole depth, or to the bottom,; which is not usually the case with thiselass, from the fact that the outer shaft cannot ex-. tend to thebottom, but must leave room for. the dasher of the inner one to beattached. Therefore, one dasher is usually above another. The horizontalform of one dasher and the vertical form of the other also pro-'- duce amore violent agitation and a better effect than if both were eitherhorizontal or ver tical. The preponderance in extent of the outerdasher, together with the centrifugal action, has a tendency to createthe strongest current on the outside, but this is overcomeby. the wingsk 70 at the top,

which draw it to the The whole thus acts together center again.

in a most eficient manner to produce the desired result.

The slotted plate I, before mentioned, has a projection, 1, parallelwith the bevel e, and its situation is such that when the churn is inaction it will rest over the pinion E and hold it in gear with thedriving-wheel, as indicated in Fig. 1. The pinion is made to slide upand down on its shaft, so as to throw it into or out of gear. When outof gear, it rests above the projection l, as indicated in red lines inFig. 1. By drawing the slotted plate out, as indicated by the dottedlines, the projection Z not only allows the pinion to be raised, but thebend e releases the central shaft, so that the dasher G drops to thebottom of the churnbody, as shown in red lines; then by pressing theplate in again it holds the pinion elevated. The plate, therefore,serves several purposesviz., to sustain the central shaft and to holdthe pinion in place either elevated or lowered.

The throwing 0f the central dasher, G, out of gear and allowing it tofall to the floor of the churn is for the purpose of gathering thebutter after it has been churned. This requires a slow and regularmotion. The dasher G, by impeding the motion of the current at thebottom, has a tendency to direct the particles of butter to the top, soas to bring them more immediately within the influence of the wings,which, from their angular position, gather the butter in a solid massinthe center.

What 1 claim as myinvention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-I 1. The combination and arrangement of the central dasher, G, and outerdasher, PI, provided with the arms 13 'i and angular Wings 70 it, whenthe samerev'olve in opposite directions and are suspended from the topof the churn, substantially as herein set forth. 1

2. The slotted plate I, in combination with the central dasher-shaft, a,and the adjustable pinion E, whereby the same device answers the doublepurpose of suspending the shaft and holding the pinion either in or outof gear, substantially as herein described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed myname in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

Witnesses:

J. E. PERINE, SYLvEsTnR S. GRANGER.

S. D. FRAZIER.

